垂直坐标系

2022/1/20 坐标系

  本页对垂直坐标系(Vertical Coordinate System,VERT_CS)的基础参数的进行介绍,并统计了 252 个垂直坐标系的官方 ID(EPSG),坐标系名称,基准面,单位和垂直轴等参数。

# 简介

  垂直坐标系可以定义高度或深度值的原点(轴)。与水平坐标系类似,除非要显示数据集或者要将数据集与使用不同垂直坐标系的其他数据合并,否则不需要使用垂直坐标系中的大多数信息。

  垂直坐标系主要由基准面、长度单位和轴组成。

# 单位

  下表列举了本页垂直坐标系中涉及到的 4 个单位名称和每单位长度(类似于分辨率),以供与 主要坐标参数 中相关内容进行对应。

单位 中文对照 每单位长度(m)
metre 1
foot 英尺 0.3048
US survey foot 美国测量英尺 0.304800609601219
British foot (1936) 英国英尺(1936) 0.3048007491

#

  基于高度的垂直坐标系显示一个 Z 值。Z 值的正负取决于轴的方向。下表列举了本页垂直坐标系出现的 3 种轴相关参数,以供与 主要坐标参数 中相关内容进行对应。

轴名称 轴名称中文对照 轴方向 轴方向中文对照
Gravity-related height 重力相关高度 UP 向上
Depth 深度 DOWN 向下
Local depth 局部深度 DOWN 向下

# 主要坐标参数

基准面

是指用来准确定义三维地球形状的一组参数和控制点。当一个旋转椭球体的形状与地球相近时,基准面用于定义旋转椭球体相对于地心的位置。基准面给出了测量地球表面上位置的参考框架。它定义了 经线和纬线 的原点及方向。

官方 ID 坐标系名称 基准面 单位
EPSG:3855 EGM2008 height EGM2008 geoid metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:3886 Fao 1979 height Fao 1979 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:3900 N2000 height N2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:4440 NZVD2009 height New Zealand Vertical Datum 2009 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:4458 Dunedin-Bluff 1960 height Dunedin-Bluff 1960 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5193 Incheon height Incheon metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5195 Trieste height Trieste metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5214 Genoa 1942 height Genoa 1942 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5237 SLVD height Sri Lanka Vertical Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5317 FVR09 height Faroe Islands Vertical Reference 2009 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5336 Black Sea depth Black Sea metre Depth
EPSG:5597 FCSVR10 height Fehmarnbelt Vertical Reference 2010 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5600 NGPF height Nivellement General de Polynesie Francaise metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5601 IGN 1966 height IGN 1966 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5602 Moorea SAU 1981 height Moorea SAU 1981 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5603 Raiatea SAU 2001 height Raiatea SAU 2001 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5604 Maupiti SAU 2001 height Maupiti SAU 2001 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5605 Huahine SAU 2001 height Huahine SAU 2001 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5606 Tahaa SAU 2001 height Tahaa SAU 2001 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5607 Bora Bora SAU 2001 height Bora Bora SAU 2001 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5608 IGLD 1955 height International Great Lakes Datum 1955 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5609 IGLD 1985 height International Great Lakes Datum 1985 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5610 HVRS71 height Croatian Vertical Reference Datum 1971 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5611 Caspian height Caspian Sea metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5612 Baltic 1977 depth Baltic 1977 metre Depth
EPSG:5613 RH2000 height Rikets hojdsystem 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5614 KOC WD depth (ft) KOC Well Datum foot Depth
EPSG:5615 RH00 height Rikets hojdsystem 1900 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5616 IGN 1988 LS height IGN 1988 LS metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5617 IGN 1988 MG height IGN 1988 MG metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5618 IGN 1992 LD height IGN 1992 LD metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5619 IGN 1988 SB height IGN 1988 SB metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5620 IGN 1988 SM height IGN 1988 SM metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5621 EVRF2007 height European Vertical Reference Frame 2007 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5701 ODN height Ordnance Datum Newlyn metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5702 NGVD29 height (ftUS) National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929 US survey foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:5703 NAVD88 height North American Vertical Datum 1988 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5704 Yellow Sea 1956 height Yellow Sea 1956 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5705 Baltic 1977 height Baltic 1977 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5706 Caspian depth Caspian Sea metre Depth
EPSG:5709 NAP height Normaal Amsterdams Peil metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5710 Ostend height Ostend metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5711 AHD height Australian Height Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5712 AHD (Tasmania) height Australian Height Datum (Tasmania) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5713 CGVD28 height Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1928 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5714 MSL height Mean Sea Level metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5715 MSL depth Mean Sea Level metre Depth
EPSG:5716 Piraeus height Piraeus Harbour 1986 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5717 N60 height Helsinki 1960 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5718 RH70 height Rikets hojdsystem 1970 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5719 NGF Lallemand height Nivellement General de la France - Lallemand metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5720 NGF-IGN69 height Nivellement General de la France - IGN69 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5721 NGF-IGN78 height Nivellement General de la France - IGN78 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5722 Maputo height Maputo metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5723 JSLD69 height Japanese Standard Levelling Datum 1969 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5724 PHD93 height PDO Height Datum 1993 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5725 Fahud HD height Fahud Height Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5726 Ha Tien 1960 height Ha Tien 1960 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5727 Hon Dau 1992 height Hon Dau 1992 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5728 LN02 height Landesnivellement 1902 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5729 LHN95 height Landeshohennetz 1995 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5730 EVRF2000 height European Vertical Reference Frame 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5731 Malin Head height Malin Head metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5732 Belfast height Belfast Lough metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5733 DNN height Dansk Normal Nul metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5734 AIOC95 depth AIOC 1995 metre Depth
EPSG:5735 Black Sea height Black Sea metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5736 Yellow Sea 1956 height Yellow Sea 1956 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5737 Yellow Sea 1985 height Yellow Sea 1985 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5738 HKPD height Hong Kong Principal Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5739 HKCD depth Hong Kong Chart Datum metre Depth
EPSG:5740 ODN Orkney height Ordnance Datum Newlyn (Orkney Isles) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5741 Fair Isle height Fair Isle metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5742 Lerwick height Lerwick metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5743 Foula height Foula metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5744 Sule Skerry height Sule Skerry metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5745 North Rona height North Rona metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5746 Stornoway height Stornoway metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5747 St. Kilda height St. Kilda metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5748 Flannan Isles height Flannan Isles metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5749 St. Marys height St. Marys metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5750 Douglas height Douglas metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5751 Fao height Fao metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5752 Bandar Abbas height Bandar Abbas metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5753 NGNC69 height Nivellement General de Nouvelle Caledonie metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5754 Poolbeg height (ft(Br36)) Poolbeg British foot (1936) Gravity-related height
EPSG:5755 NGG1977 height Nivellement General Guyanais 1977 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5756 Martinique 1987 height Martinique 1987 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5757 Guadeloupe 1988 height Guadeloupe 1988 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5758 Reunion 1989 height Reunion 1989 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5759 Auckland 1946 height Auckland 1946 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5760 Bluff 1955 height Bluff 1955 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5761 Dunedin 1958 height Dunedin 1958 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5762 Gisborne 1926 height Gisborne 1926 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5763 Lyttelton 1937 height Lyttelton 1937 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5764 Moturiki 1953 height Moturiki 1953 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5765 Napier 1962 height Napier 1962 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5766 Nelson 1955 height Nelson 1955 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5767 One Tree Point 1964 height One Tree Point 1964 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5768 Tararu 1952 height Tararu 1952 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5769 Taranaki 1970 height Taranaki 1970 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5770 Wellington 1953 height Wellington 1953 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5771 Chatham Island 1959 height Waitangi (Chatham Island) 1959 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5772 Stewart Island 1977 height Stewart Island 1977 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5773 EGM96 height EGM96 geoid metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5774 NG-L height Nivellement General du Luxembourg metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5775 Antalya height Antalya metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5776 NN54 height Norway Normal Null 1954 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5777 Durres height Durres metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5778 GHA height Gebrauchshohen ADRIA metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5779 SVS2000 height Slovenian Vertical System 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5780 Cascais height Cascais metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5781 Constanta height Constanta metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5782 Alicante height Alicante metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5783 DHHN92 height Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 1992 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5784 DHHN85 height Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 1985 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5785 SNN76 height Staatlichen Nivellementnetzes 1976 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5786 Baltic 1982 height Baltic 1982 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5787 EOMA 1980 height Baltic 1980 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5788 Kuwait PWD height Kuwait PWD metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5789 KOC WD depth KOC Well Datum metre Depth
EPSG:5790 KOC CD height KOC Construction Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5791 NGC 1948 height Nivellement General de la Corse 1948 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5792 Danger 1950 height Danger 1950 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5793 Mayotte 1950 height Mayotte 1950 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5794 Martinique 1955 height Martinique 1955 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5795 Guadeloupe 1951 height Guadeloupe 1951 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5796 Lagos 1955 height Lagos 1955 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5797 AIOC95 height AIOC 1995 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5798 EGM84 height EGM84 geoid metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5799 DVR90 height Dansk Vertikal Reference 1990 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5829 Instantaneous Water Level height Instantaneous Water Level metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5831 Instantaneous Water Level depth Instantaneous Water Level metre Depth
EPSG:5843 Ras Ghumays height Ras Ghumays metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5861 LAT depth Lowest Astronomical Tide metre Depth
EPSG:5862 LLWLT depth Lower Low Water Large Tide metre Depth
EPSG:5863 ISLW depth Indian Spring Low Water metre Depth
EPSG:5864 MLLWS depth Mean Lower Low Water Spring Tides metre Depth
EPSG:5865 MLWS depth Mean Low Water Spring Tides metre Depth
EPSG:5866 MLLW depth Mean Lower Low Water metre Depth
EPSG:5867 MLW depth Mean Low Water metre Depth
EPSG:5868 MHW height Mean High Water metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5869 MHHW height Mean Higher High Water metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5870 MHWS height Mean High Water Spring Tides metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5871 HHWLT height Higher High Water Large Tide metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5872 HAT height Highest Astronomical Tide metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5873 Low Water depth Low Water metre Depth
EPSG:5874 High Water height High Water metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:5941 NN2000 height Norway Normal Null 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6130 GCVD54 height (ft) Grand Cayman Vertical Datum 1954 foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:6131 LCVD61 height (ft) Little Cayman Vertical Datum 1961 foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:6132 CBVD61 height (ft) Cayman Brac Vertical Datum 1961 foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:6178 Cais da Pontinha - Funchal height Cais da Pontinha - Funchal metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6179 Cais da Vila - Porto Santo height Cais da Vila - Porto Santo metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6180 Cais das Velas height Cais das Velas metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6181 Horta height Horta metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6182 Cais da Madalena height Cais da Madalena metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6183 Santa Cruz da Graciosa height Santa Cruz da Graciosa metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6184 Cais da Figueirinha - Angra do Heroismo height Cais da Figueirinha - Angra do Heroismo metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6185 Santa Cruz das Flores height Santa Cruz das Flores metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6186 Cais da Vila do Porto height Cais da Vila do Porto metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6187 Ponta Delgada height Ponta Delgada metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6357 NAVD88 depth North American Vertical Datum 1988 metre Depth
EPSG:6358 NAVD88 depth (ftUS) North American Vertical Datum 1988 US survey foot Depth
EPSG:6359 NGVD29 depth (ftUS) National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929 US survey foot Depth
EPSG:6360 NAVD88 height (ftUS) North American Vertical Datum 1988 US survey foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:6638 Tutuila 1962 height Tutuila Vertical Datum of 1962 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6639 Guam 1963 height Guam Vertical Datum of 1963 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6640 NMVD03 height Northern Marianas Vertical Datum of 2003 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6641 PRVD02 height Puerto Rico Vertical Datum of 2002 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6642 VIVD09 height Virgin Islands Vertical Datum of 2009 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6643 ASVD02 height American Samoa Vertical Datum of 2002 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6644 GUVD04 height Guam Vertical Datum of 2004 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6647 CGVD2013(CGG2013) height Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGG2013) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6693 JSLD72 height Japanese Standard Levelling Datum 1972 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6694 JGD2000 (vertical) height Japanese Geodetic Datum 2000 (vertical) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6695 JGD2011 (vertical) height Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011 (vertical) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:6916 SHD height Singapore Height Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7446 Famagusta 1960 height Famagusta 1960 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7447 PNG08 height PNG08 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7651 Kumul 34 height Kumul 34 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7652 Kiunga height Kiunga metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7699 DHHN12 height Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 1912 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7700 Latvia 2000 height Latvian Height System 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7707 ODN (Offshore) height Ordnance Datum Newlyn (Offshore) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7832 POM96 height Port Moresby 1996 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7837 DHHN2016 height Deutsches Haupthoehennetz 2016 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7839 NZVD2016 height New Zealand Vertical Datum 2016 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7841 POM08 height Port Moresby 2008 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7888 Jamestown 1971 height Jamestown 1971 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7889 St. Helena Tritan 2011 height St. Helena Tritan Vertical Datum 2011 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7890 SHVD2015 height St. Helena Vertical Datum 2015 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7962 Poolbeg height (m) Poolbeg metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7968 NGVD29 height (m) National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:7976 HKPD depth Hong Kong Principal Datum metre Depth
EPSG:7979 KOC WD height KOC Well Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8050 MSL height (ft) Mean Sea Level foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:8051 MSL depth (ft) Mean Sea Level foot Depth
EPSG:8052 MSL height (ftUS) Mean Sea Level US survey foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:8053 MSL depth (ftUS) Mean Sea Level US survey foot Depth
EPSG:8089 ISH2004 height Landshaedarkerfi Islands 2004 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8228 NAVD88 height (ft) North American Vertical Datum 1988 foot Gravity-related height
EPSG:8266 GVR2000 height Greenland Vertical Reference 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8267 GVR2016 height Greenland Vertical Reference 2016 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8357 Baltic 1957 height Baltic 1957 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8358 Baltic 1957 depth Baltic 1957 metre Depth
EPSG:8378 EPSG example wellbore local vertical CRS EPSG example wellbore vertical datum metre Local depth
EPSG:8434 Macao height Macao Height Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8675 N43 height Helsinki 1943 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8690 SVS2010 height Slovenian Vertical System 2010 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8691 SRB_VRS12 height Serbian Vertical Reference System 2012 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8841 MVGC height MOMRA Vertical Geodetic Control metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8881 Vienna height Wiener Null metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8897 EPSG example wellbore local vertical CRS (ft) EPSG example wellbore vertical datum foot Local depth
EPSG:8904 TWVD 2001 height Taiwan Vertical Datum 2001 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:8911 DACR52 height Datum Altimetrico de Costa Rica 1952 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9130 IGN 2008 LD height IGN 2008 LD metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9245 CGVD2013(CGG2013a) height Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 (CGG2013a) metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9255 SRVN16 height Sistema de Referencia Vertical Nacional 2016 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9274 EVRF2000 Austria height European Vertical Reference Frame 2000 Austria metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9279 SA LLD height South Africa Land Levelling Datum metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9287 LAT NL depth Lowest Astronomical Tide Netherlands metre Depth
EPSG:9288 MSL NL depth Mean Sea Level Netherlands metre Depth
EPSG:9303 HS2-VRF height HS2 Vertical Reference Frame metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9335 KSA-VRF14 height Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Vertical Reference Frame Jeddah 2014 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9351 NGNC08 height Nivellement General de Nouvelle Caledonie 2008 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9389 EVRF2019 height European Vertical Reference Frame 2019 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9390 EVRF2019 mean-tide height European Vertical Reference Frame 2019 mean tide metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9392 Mallorca height Mallorca metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9393 Menorca height Menorca metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9394 Ibiza height Ibiza metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9395 Lanzarote height Lanzarote metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9396 Fuerteventura height Fuerteventura metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9397 Gran Canaria height Gran Canaria metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9398 Tenerife height Tenerife metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9399 La Gomera height La Gomera metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9400 La Palma height La Palma metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9401 El Hierro height El Hierro metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9402 Ceuta 2 height Ceuta 2 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9451 BI height British Isles height ensemble metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9458 AVWS height Australian Vertical Working Surface metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9471 INAGeoid2020 height Indonesian Geoid 2020 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9650 Baltic 1986 height Baltic 1986 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9651 EVRF2007-PL height European Vertical Reference Frame 2007 Poland metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9663 EH2000 height Estonian Height System 2000 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9666 LAS07 height Lithuanian Height System 2007 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9669 BGS2005 height Bulgarian Height System 2005 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9672 CD Norway depth Norwegian Chart Datum metre Depth
EPSG:9675 Pago Pago 2020 height Local Tidal Datum at Pago Pago 2020 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9681 NVD 1992 height National Vertical Datum 1992 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9721 Catania 1965 height Catania 1965 metre Gravity-related height
EPSG:9722 Cagliari 1956 height Cagliari 1956 metre Gravity-related height